Table of Contents
Overview – Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is a common, benign cutaneous viral infection caused by a poxvirus. It typically affects children but may also be seen in sexually active adults and immunocompromised individuals. It presents with multiple small, dome-shaped papules that are characteristically centrally umbilicated. The condition is self-limiting in most cases, though treatment may be considered for symptomatic, persistent, or cosmetically concerning lesions.
Definition
Molluscum contagiosum is a self-limiting viral skin infection caused by a poxvirus, producing distinctive umbilicated papules.
Aetiology
- Caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus, a member of the Poxviridae family
Transmission
- Spread via direct skin-to-skin contact
- Can also be transmitted through fomites (e.g. towels, gym equipment)
- Sexual transmission occurs in genital involvement in adults
Epidemiology
- Most common in:
- Children
- Sexually active adults
- Immunocompromised individuals (e.g. HIV, cancer therapy)
Clinical Features
- Lesions:
- Dome-shaped papules, 2–5 mm in diameter
- Centrally umbilicated (dimpled centre)
- Flesh-coloured or pink
- Usually painless, but may be itchy
- Distribution:
- Trunk, limbs, axillae in children
- Genital area in adults
- Secondary bacterial infection may occur due to excoriation
Diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis is usually sufficient based on typical lesion appearance
- Consider biopsy if:
- Atypical presentation
- Immunocompromised host
- Concern for other differential diagnoses (e.g. genital warts)
Management
- Often no treatment required (resolves within 6–12 months)
- Treat if:
- Lesions are numerous, spreading, symptomatic, or cosmetically distressing
- There is secondary infection
- Treatment options:
- Cryotherapy
- Curettage
- Laser therapy
- Topical acids (e.g. salicylic acid)
- Topical antibiotics if secondarily infected
- Avoid autoinoculation and spreading:
- Advise against scratching
- Cover lesions if necessary
Prognosis
- Excellent prognosis
- Lesions typically resolve spontaneously
- No viral latency – once resolved, virus is eliminated
- However, reinfection is possible due to lack of long-term immunity
Summary – Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is a poxvirus-induced viral skin infection presenting with dome-shaped, centrally umbilicated papules. It is common in children and can spread through direct contact. The condition is usually self-resolving but may be treated for cosmetic or symptomatic reasons. For a broader dermatological context, visit our Skin & Dermatology Overview page.